Which process relates to the heat absorbed or released during a state change of refrigerant?

The correct answer, latent heat, is significant in understanding refrigeration cycles and thermodynamics. Latent heat refers to the amount of heat energy absorbed or released by a substance when it undergoes a phase change without a change in temperature. This includes processes such as melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation.

In the context of refrigeration, latent heat is crucial when refrigerants change from liquid to gas and vice versa. For example, during the evaporation process, the refrigerant absorbs heat from its surroundings, which allows it to change from a low-pressure liquid to a low-pressure gas, effectively cooling the space around the evaporator coil. Conversely, during the condensation process, latent heat is released as the refrigerant changes from a gas back to a liquid, which is essential for moving heat away from the refrigerated space.

Understanding latent heat helps refrigeration operating engineers design systems that efficiently manage temperature and energy use, contributing to system performance and effectiveness.