What is the purpose of a suction accumulator in a refrigeration system?

The primary function of a suction accumulator in a refrigeration system is to prevent liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor. In many refrigeration systems, especially those equipped with a reciprocating compressor, it's crucial to ensure that only vaporized refrigerant reaches the compressor for proper operation. If liquid refrigerant enters the compressor, it can lead to liquid slugging. This condition can cause excessive wear and damage to the compressor internals, ultimately resulting in premature failure.

The suction accumulator is strategically placed in the suction line to collect any liquid refrigerant that may escape from the evaporator. It serves as a holding chamber where the refrigerant can vaporize before it reaches the compressor. By allowing the liquid refrigerant to evaporate into a gas, the accumulator ensures that only vapor is sent to the compressor, thus protecting it from potential harm and maintaining optimal performance in the refrigeration system.