What is the primary function of an accumulator in a refrigeration system?

The primary function of an accumulator in a refrigeration system is to store excess liquid refrigerant and prevent it from reaching the compressor. In a refrigeration cycle, the accumulator acts as a reservoir for any liquid refrigerant that has not evaporated into a gas. This is particularly important because the compressor is designed to operate with gaseous refrigerant; if too much liquid refrigerant enters the compressor, it can lead to hydraulic failure and damage the compressor.

By allowing only vaporized refrigerant to enter the compressor, the accumulator helps to maintain the efficiency and longevity of the refrigeration system. Additionally, it provides a buffer during varying load conditions, ensuring that the compressor has a consistent supply of refrigerant vapor to draw upon. This process stabilizes the overall refrigeration cycle and maintains optimal temperatures within the system.

Other functions listed, such as increasing refrigerant pressure, enhancing cooling capacity, or eliminating moisture, are not the primary role of the accumulator. Increasing pressure typically happens in the compressor, while cooling capacity is influenced by factors such as the evaporator and condenser efficiency. Moisture elimination is usually the role of a drier in the system, not the accumulator. Thus, the accumulator’s essential purpose is to effectively manage the presence of liquid refrigerant and protect the compressor